How can the Gospel be better spread in China so that the Chinese people can better understand and accept Christianity? This is a question that countless missionaries and Christians in China have pondered and worked on since Matteo Ricci. The “Chinese Rite Controversy” had a significant impact on the development of the Church in China. Although the dispute eventually subsided after the intervention of the Holy See, it did not disappear completely. This article discusses the arguments and objectives of missionaries in the mid-19^th century regarding the use of Chinese classical terms Tian and Shangdi to refer to God. There was no right or wrong in the views of the two sides, but only a manifestation of their responsibility and love for the local church. This paper specifically analyzes the dialogue between the Lazarist Bishop Joseph-Martial Mouly and Bishop Emmanuel-Jean-Francois Verrolles of the Missions étrangers de Paris (MEP) on this issue, reflecting their concerns in the mission in China and examining the significance of their theology of inculturation and missionary strategy.